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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*jorukan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 badger 2 suslik face="Times New Roman Star"1 áàðñóê 2 ñóñëèê face="Times New Roman Star"c?oraxa (R) face="Times New Roman Star"joroqon (R) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 207. Turk. > WMong. z?|orug|an, z?|oruqan, Kalm. zorg|@n, zorx@n (KW 476). face="Times New Roman Star"*jabry face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"young of birds and animals face="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø ïòèö è æèâîòíûõ face="Times New Roman Star"javru, javry face="Times New Roman Star"javry (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|vúw|r, s/urú face="Times New Roman Star"javru face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 176, ÝÑÒß 4, 53, Ëåêñèêà 168-169, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 140-141, TMN 4, 220. face="Times New Roman Star"*jam face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 piece of dust 2 litter floating on the surface of water face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîðèíêà 2 ìóñîð, ïëàâàþùèé ïî âîäå face="Times New Roman Star"jam (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 205. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to heat (oven) 2 (fire) steel 3 to bake face="Times New Roman Star"1 òîïèòü ïå÷ü 2 îãíèâî 3 ïå÷ü face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xatat 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Àøì. XVI, 256, ÝÑÒß 5, 335 (connected with *kat- 'dry', but in fact a different root because of the Chuvash form). However, if Mari oltas? 'heat' is from Bulg., the original form could be *Kal-t- and should be removed from the etymology (cf. Ôåäîòîâ 2, 372). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kebru"c? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"ash tree face="Times New Roman Star"ÿñåíü face="Times New Roman Star"kevrik 'hornbeam' (Vitex agnus castus) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ru"c?, ku"vru"c? (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qoryc?-ag|ac? face="Times New Roman Star"go"jru"s? face="Times New Roman Star"kavúrús/, kavrús/ > Hung. ko:'ris face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jris? face="Times New Roman Star"qoros-ag|as face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ru"c?, Balk. ku"jru"c? face="Times New Roman Star"gu"jru"c? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 690, VEWT 245, ÝÑÒß 5, 152, Ëåêñèêà 136, Bla"sing 2002 . Volga-Turkic languages have a secondary vowel assimilation due to the compound with ag|ac?. Cf. also Osset. ka"rz(a") < Turk., see Abayev 1, 587-588; on Hung. ko?ris < Turk. see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*Kybak / *Kabak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"white poplar, willow face="Times New Roman Star"áåëûé òîïîëü, èâà face="Times New Roman Star"kavak face="Times New Roman Star"quvaq face="Times New Roman Star"qawaq (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq (Jarr. ) face="Times New Roman Star"GovaG face="Times New Roman Star"qa:q, dial. qabaq face="Times New Roman Star"õúw|va face="Times New Roman Star"xa:k face="Times New Roman Star"xa: face="Times New Roman Star"qywaq face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 215, ÝÑÒß 5, 170-171, TMN 3, 534-535. The variant *Kabak is probably secondary, due to vowel assimilation; qapaq in Uygh. is also secondary - a contamination with *Kap- 'cover'. face="Times New Roman Star"*jEn| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"frazil face="Times New Roman Star"øóãà, íàëåäü face="Times New Roman Star"nen| face="Times New Roman Star"n/en| (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?en| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 197 (if not < unattested South.-Sam.?) face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiben-te face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"shoulder yoke face="Times New Roman Star"êîðîìûñëî face="Times New Roman Star"ko"je|nte| face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|vende face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jen|te face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jen face="Times New Roman Star"ko"je|nte| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306 (the word should be distinguished from *Ku"b- 'to pound' q. v. sub *gi_ube ). face="Times New Roman Star"*uk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"kin, tribe face="Times New Roman Star"ðîä, ïëåìÿ face="Times New Roman Star"uq ? oq 'kin, tribe' face="Times New Roman Star"uq ? oq (MK ) 'share of inheritance' face="Times New Roman Star"uq face="Times New Roman Star"júw|x face="Times New Roman Star"uq face="Times New Roman Star"u>q (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511, ÝÑÒß 1, 582-583, Åãîðîâ 76. The OT words are sometimes erroneously united with *ok 'arrow' (thus in EDT 76). face="Times New Roman Star"*oluk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"gutter; hollowed-out tree trunk face="Times New Roman Star"æåëîá; âûäîëáëåííûé äðåâåñíûé ñòâîë face="Times New Roman Star"oluq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"oluk face="Times New Roman Star"ulaq face="Times New Roman Star"oluq (IM , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"olaq face="Times New Roman Star"volú 'tree-trunk' face="Times New Roman Star"olyq face="Times New Roman Star"ulaq face="Times New Roman Star"oluq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 136-137, ÝÑÒß 1, 451, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 125, 131, Àøì. V, 263, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 99, 130. There also exists a similar - but originally different - form *og(u)l-, *ogluk, reflected in Chag. og|luq, Tur. dial., Gag. holluq, Chuv. valak, Yak. (Ïåê.) uoluk, uol-ba, with natural contaminations. face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)o"m face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"trousers face="Times New Roman Star"áðþêè, øòàíû face="Times New Roman Star"u"m (OUygh.) (=o"m) face="Times New Roman Star"o"m (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"im (Osm.) face="Times New Roman Star"ym (Kypch. Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ym, jym, ju"m face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.m face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|m face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 155, VEWT 520-521, Åãîðîâ 78, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 195, Ìóäðàê 119, Ëåêñèêà 478. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kadyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hard, strong, cruel face="Times New Roman Star"êðåïêèé, ñèëüíûé, æåñòîêèé face="Times New Roman Star"qadyr (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"xazyr face="Times New Roman Star"qazyr face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr face="Times New Roman Star"xata:ryj- 'âûìåùàòü ìñòèòåëüíîñòü, íåïðèÿçíü, çëîïàìÿòñòâîâàòü' face="Times New Roman Star"Todzh. xadyr face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'contradiction, objection' face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'angry' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, TMN 3, 378-379, ÝÑÒß 5, 216. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAmug face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"all, together face="Times New Roman Star"âñå, âìåñòå face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (OUygh.), qamag| (Orkh., OUygh.), qamyg| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kamu face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (Qutb ., Áóä. ), qamuq (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"xamyx face="Times New Roman Star"qamyq face="Times New Roman Star"qamyq face="Times New Roman Star"xamyq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, ÝÑÒß 5, 243-244. Modern forms like Kirgh., Kaz. qama- 'to surround, besiege', qamala- id., 'to gather in a crowd' etc. (see ÝÑÒß 5, 159) should be rather regarded as mongolisms. face="Times New Roman Star"*Komta face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"box face="Times New Roman Star"ÿùèê face="Times New Roman Star"qumta face="Times New Roman Star"xomdy face="Times New Roman Star"qomda face="Times New Roman Star"x|omdu face="Times New Roman Star"qumta face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 279, ÝÑÒß 6, 6. Relation to Mong. qobdu is hardly possible. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kamyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"scoop, ladle face="Times New Roman Star"÷åðïàê face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qemic? face="Times New Roman Star"xamys face="Times New Roman Star"(Bulg.) xumz?|a (< *kamc?a(h)) face="Times New Roman Star"xamyas, xomuos face="Times New Roman Star"komuos face="Times New Roman Star"xymys? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 626, VEWT 229, ÝÑÒß 5, 248-249, Stachowski 152. face="Times New Roman Star"*Korum face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rock, cliff, heap of stones face="Times New Roman Star"ñêàëà, êó÷à êàìíåé face="Times New Roman Star"qorum (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"qoram face="Times New Roman Star"xorym face="Times New Roman Star"qorum face="Times New Roman Star"qorum face="Times New Roman Star"xorum face="Times New Roman Star"qorum face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 660, VEWT 283, Ëåêñèêà 99. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrgak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"edge face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|ag| (MK ) 'selvage, edge' face="Times New Roman Star"kyrak face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg|, qyrag| (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|o|q face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)g|aq face="Times New Roman Star"GyraG face="Times New Roman Star"xri, xyryj, xyryg| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag| face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: face="Times New Roman Star"qyry face="Times New Roman Star"qyru: face="Times New Roman Star"qyraq face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, EDT 653, ÝÑÒß 6, 242-244, Stachowski 170. face="Times New Roman Star"*geb-re- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become weak, fragile 2 fragile face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëàáåòü, ñòàíîâèòüñÿ õðóïêèì 2 õðóïêèé face="Times New Roman Star"kevre- 1, kevrek 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gevre- 1, gevrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jro"k 2 (ÊÑÒÒ ) face="Times New Roman Star"kuwrak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vra"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kibrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kavraj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kebire:- 1 (possibly < Mong.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jro"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"wert 'a tree rotten inside' face="Times New Roman Star"gevrek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 244, 245, EDT 691, ÝÑÒß 3, 7-9. Turk. > Hung. ko?ro? 'fragile' Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*Kuba / *Koba face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pale yellow, pale grey face="Times New Roman Star"æåëòîâàòûé, ñåðîâàòûé face="Times New Roman Star"quba (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"quwa, qyw (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"qo face="Times New Roman Star"xu: face="Times New Roman Star"qo:, qu: face="Times New Roman Star"xuwa face="Times New Roman Star"qu: face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 295, EDT 581, ÝÑÒß 6, 94-96, 98-99. Turk. > Mong. quba, quwa (KW 191, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 142; Mong. quba, however, also means 'amber' and may be borrowed also from Chin. hu-p`o, see L 976, Rozycki 111) > Man. quwa. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)agyl face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rod face="Times New Roman Star"ïðóò face="Times New Roman Star"qag|yl (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qag|yl (MK , KB ) 'fresh willow shoots' face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l face="Times New Roman Star"ko:la- 'áóéíî ðàñòè (î ðàñò.) â óùåðá ïëîäó, ñåìåíè' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 220, EDT 610.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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